#ai #research #optimization
Deep Learning famously gives rise to very complex, non-linear optimization problems that cannot be solved analytically. Therefore, the choice of a suitable optimization algorithm can often make or break the training of a Deep Neural Network. Yet, the literature is full with hundreds of different algorithms, each claiming to be superior and selecting one of them is mostly done based on popular opinion or anecdotes. This paper investigates 14 of the most popular optimizers in a standardized benchmark and even though there is no clear winner, it can give some recommendations as a result.
OUTLINE:
0:00 – Introduction & Overview
2:15 – The Overwhelming Amount of Optimizers
5:50 – Compared Optimizers
6:50 – Default Parameters & Tuning Distribution
13:10 – Deep Learning Problems Considered
16:45 – Tuning on Single Seeds
23:15 – Results & Interpretation
34:00 – Learning Rate Schedules & Noise
36:10 – Conclusions & Comments
Paper:
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Abstract:
Choosing the optimizer is considered to be among the most crucial design decisions in deep learning, and it is not an easy one. The growing literature now lists hundreds of optimization methods. In the absence of clear theoretical guidance and conclusive empirical evidence, the decision is often made based on anecdotes. In this work, we aim to replace these anecdotes, if not with a conclusive ranking, then at least with evidence-backed heuristics. To do so, we perform an extensive, standardized benchmark of more than a dozen particularly popular deep learning optimizers while giving a concise overview of the wide range of possible choices. Analyzing almost 35,000 individual runs, we contribute the following three points: (i) Optimizer performance varies greatly across tasks. (ii) We observe that evaluating multiple optimizers with default parameters works approximately as well as tuning the hyperparameters of a single, fixed optimizer. (iii) While we can not discern an optimization method clearly dominating across all tested tasks, we identify a significantly reduced subset of specific algorithms and parameter choices that generally lead to competitive results in our experiments. This subset includes popular favorites and some lesser-known contenders. We have open-sourced all our experimental results, making them directly available as challenging and well-tuned baselines. This allows for more meaningful comparisons when evaluating novel optimization methods without requiring any further computational efforts.
Authors: Robin M. Schmidt, Frank Schneider, Philipp Hennig
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